0、准备工作
创建新模块:
引入依赖:
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringMVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ServletAPI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.31</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 测试相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
配置 web.xml:
<!-- 设置编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
配置 springmvc.xml:
<!-- 开启主键扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.chenyixin.ssm"/>
<!-- 一如外部文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
</bean>
<!-- JdbcTemplate 对象 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!--注入 dataSource-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<!-- 视图前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<!-- 视图后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!--
配置默认的 servlet 处理静态资源
当前工程的 web.xml 配置的前端控制器DispatcherServlet 的 url-pattern 是 /
tomcat 的 web.xml 配置的 DefaultServlet 的url-pattern 也是 /
此时,浏览器发送的请求会优先被 DispatcherServlet 进行处理,但是 DispatcherServlet 无法处理静态资源
若配置了<mvc:default-servlet-handler />,此时浏览器发送的所有请求都会被 DefaultServlet 处理
若配置了<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> 和<mvc:annotation-driven />,
浏览器发送的请求会先被 DispatcherServlet 处理,若无法处理再交给 DefaultServlet 处理
-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 开启mvc注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 配置视图控制器 -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
<mvc:view-controller path="/to/add" view-name="employee_add"/>
1、RESTful简介
:
Re
presentational
S
tate
T
ransfer
,表现层资源状态转移。
① 资源
Web
上的地址。对某个资源感兴趣的客户端应用,可以通过资源的URI
与其进行交互。
② 资源的表述
服务器端之间转移(交换)。资源的表述可以有多种格式,例如HTML/XML/JSON/
纯文本
/
图片
/
视频
/
音频等等。资源的表述格式可以通过协商机制来确定。请求-
响应方向的表述通常使用不同的格式。
③ 状态转移
)代表资源状态的表述。通过转移和操作资源的表述,来间接实现操作资源的目的。
2、HiddenHttpMethodFilter
和
post
方式的请求,那么该如何发送
put
和
delete
请求呢?
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
帮助我们
将
POST
请求转换为
DELETE
或
PUT
请求
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
处理
put
和
delete
请求的条件:
a>当前请求的请求方式必须为post
过滤器就会将当前请求的请求方式转换为请求参数
的值,因此请求参数
_method
的值才是最终的请求方式
<!-- 请求方式过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
注:目前为止,SpringMVC中提供了两个过滤器:CharacterEncodingFilter 和 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 在web.xml中注册时,
必须先注册CharacterEncodingFilter,再注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter原因:
在 CharacterEncodingFilter 中通过 request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法设置字符集request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法要求前面不能有任何获取请求参数的操作而 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 恰恰有一个获取请求方式的操作:String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
3、RESTful的实现
操作 |
传统方式 |
REST风格 |
查询操作 |
getUserById?id=1 |
user/1-->get请求方式 |
保存操作 |
saveUser |
user-->post请求方式 |
删除操作 |
deleteUser?id=1 |
user/1-->delete请求方式 |
更新操作 |
updateUser |
user-->put请求方式 |
注意:浏览器目前只能发送 get 和 post 请求
若要发送 put 和 delete 请求,需要在web.xml 中配置一个过滤器 HiddenHttpMethodFilter
配置了过滤期之后,发送的请求要满足两个条件才能将请求方式转换为 put 或delete:
① 当前请求必须为 post
② 当前请求必须传输参数 _method,_method的值才是最终的请求方式
如:<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put >
代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>index.html</h1>
<a th:href="@{/test/user}">查询所有的用户信息</a><br/>
<a th:href="@{/test/user/2}">查询id为2的用户信息</a><br/>
<form th:action="@{/test/user}" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="添加用户信息"/>
</form>
<form th:action="@{/test/user}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/>
<input type="submit" value="修改用户信息"/>
</form>
<form th:action="@{/test/user/5}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
<input type="submit" value="删除id为5的用户信息"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.html代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
</body>
</html>
添加HiddenHttpMethodFilter 过滤器:
<!-- 设置请求方式过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
Java代码:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
/**
* 查询所有的用户信息 --> /user --> get
* 根据id查询用户信息 --> /user/1 --> get
* 添加用户信息 --> /user --> post
* 修改用户信息 --> /user --> put
* 删除用户信息 --> /user/1 --> delete
* <p>
* 注意:浏览器目前只能发送 get 和 post 请求
* 若要发送 put 和 delete 请求,需要在web.xml 中配置一个过滤器 HiddenHttpMethodFilter
* 配置了过滤期之后,发送的请求要满足两个条件才能将请求方式转换为 put 或delete:
* ① 当前请求必须为 post
* ② 当前请求必须传输参数 _method,_method的值才是最终的请求方式
* 如:<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put >
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestRestController {
// @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@GetMapping("/user")
public String getAllUser() {
System.out.println("查询所有的用户信息 --> /user --> get");
return "success";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@GetMapping("user/{id}")
public String getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("查询id为" + id + "的用户信息");
return "success";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping("/user")
public String insertUser() {
System.out.println("添加用户信息 --> /user --> post");
return "success";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@PutMapping("/user")
public String updateUser() {
System.out.println("修改用户信息 --> /user --> put");
return "success";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@DeleteMapping("/user/{id}")
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("删除id为" + id + "的用户信息");
return "success";
}
}
结果:点击index页面中对应的超链接和按钮后 控制台输出的结果
RESTful案例
① 创建表 及 添加数据
USE ssm;
CREATE TABLE t_employee(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
last_name VARCHAR(100),
email VARCHAR(200),
# 1 为 male ,0 为 female
gender INT
);
INSERT INTO t_employee VALUES
(1001,'E-AA','[email protected]',1),
(1002,'E-BB','[email protected]',1),
(1003,'E-CC','[email protected]',0),
(1004,'E-DD','[email protected]',0),
(1005,'E-EE','[email protected]',1)
② 创建实体类
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
// 1 male, 0 female
private Integer gender;
public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender) {
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
}
public Employee() {
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Integer gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"id=" + id +
", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", gender=" + gender +
'}';
}
}
③ 创建 dao 层
EmployeeDao 接口:
public interface EmployeeDao {
int insertEmployee(Employee employee);
int updateEmployee(Employee employee);
int deleteEmployee(Integer id);
Employee selectEmployeeById(Integer id);
List<Employee> selectAllEmployee();
}
EmployeeDaoImpl 实现类:
@Repository
public class EmployeeImpl implements EmployeeDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public int insertEmployee(Employee employee) {
String sql = "insert into t_employee values(null,?,?,?)";
Object[] params = {employee.getLastName(), employee.getEmail(), employee.getGender()};
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql,params);
}
@Override
public int updateEmployee(Employee employee) {
String sql = "update t_employee set last_name = ?,email = ?,gender = ? where id = ?";
Object[] params = {employee.getLastName(), employee.getEmail(), employee.getGender(), employee.getId()};
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, params);
}
@Override
public int deleteEmployee(Integer id) {
String sql = "delete from t_employee where id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
}
@Override
public Employee selectEmployeeById(Integer id) {
String sql = "select id,last_name lastName,email,gender from t_employee where id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Employee>(Employee.class),id);
}
@Override
public List<Employee> selectAllEmployee() {
String sql = "select id,last_name lastName,email,gender from t_employee";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Employee>(Employee.class));
}
}
④ 创建 service 层
EmployeeService 接口:
public interface EmployeeService {
void saveEmployee(Employee employee);
void updateEmployee(Employee employee);
void deleteEmployee(Integer id);
Employee getEmployeeById(Integer id);
List<Employee> getAllEmployee();
}
EmployeeServiceImpl 实现类:
@Service
public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {
@Autowired
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
@Override
public void saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.insertEmployee(employee);
}
@Override
public void updateEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.updateEmployee(employee);
}
@Override
public void deleteEmployee(Integer id) {
employeeDao.deleteEmployee(id);
}
@Override
public Employee getEmployeeById(Integer id) {
return employeeDao.selectEmployeeById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Employee> getAllEmployee() {
return employeeDao.selectAllEmployee();
}
}
2、功能清单
3、具体功能:访问首页
① 配置view-controller (已配置)
<!-- 开启mvc注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 配置视图控制器 -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
② 修改index页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>index.html</h1>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">访问员工信息</a>
</body>
</html>
4、具体功能:查询所有员工数据
① 控制器方法
@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
private EmployeeService employeeService;
@GetMapping("/employee")
public String getEmployeeList(Model model) {
List<Employee> allEmployee = employeeService.getAllEmployee();
model.addAttribute("allEmployee", allEmployee);
return "employee_list";
}
}
② 创建employee_list.html(添加静态资源)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Employee List</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="5">Employee List</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>gender</th>
<th>options</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="employee : ${allEmployee}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
<td>
<a>delete</a>
<a>update</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
③ 配置默认的 servlet 处理静态资源
配置默认的 servlet 处理静态资源
当前工程的 web.xml 配置的前端控制器DispatcherServlet 的 url-pattern 是 /
tomcat 的 web.xml 配置的 DefaultServlet 的url-pattern 也是 /
此时,浏览器发送的请求会优先被 DispatcherServlet 进行处理,但是 DispatcherServlet 无法处理静态资源
若配置了<mvc:default-servlet-handler />,此时浏览器发送的所有请求都会被 DefaultServlet 处理
若配置了<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> 和<mvc:annotation-driven />,浏览器发送的请求会先被 DispatcherServlet 处理,若无法处理再交给 DefaultServlet 处理
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 开启mvc注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
结果页面:
① 修改employee_list.html,并添加事件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:v-on="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Employee List</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
<!-- 引入vue -->
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="dataDiv">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="5">Employee List</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>gender</th>
<th>options</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="employee : ${allEmployee}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
<td>
<a @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">delete</a>
<a>update</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- 作用:通过超链接控制表单的提交,将post请求转换为delete请求 -->
<form id="delete_form" method="post">
<!-- HiddenHttpMethodFilter要求:必须传输_method请求参数,并且值为最终的请求方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
</form>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el: "#dataDiv",
methods: {
// event 表示当前事件
deleteEmployee: function (event) {
// 通过 id 获取表单标签
var delete_form = document.getElementById("delete_form");
// 将触发事件的超链接的 href 属性为表单的 action 属性赋值
delete_form.action = event.target.href;
// 提交表单
delete_form.submit();
// 阻止超链接的默认跳转行为
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
② 控制器方法
@DeleteMapping("/employee/{id}")
public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
employeeService.deleteEmployee(id);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
6、具体功能:跳转到添加数据页面
① 修改employee_list.html
② 创建employee_add.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Add Employee</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Add Employee</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
last_name:
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="lastName">
</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td>
email:
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="email">
</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td>
gender:
</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" >male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" >female
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="add">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
③ 配置view-controller
<mvc:view-controller path="/to/add" view-name="employee_add"/>
@PostMapping("/employee")
public String saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeService.saveEmployee(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
8、具体功能:跳转到更新数据页面
① 修改超链接
② 控制器方法
@GetMapping("/employee/{id}")
public String getEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Model model) {
Employee employee = employeeService.getEmployeeById(id);
model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
return "employee_update";
}
③ 创建employee_update.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Add Employee</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/css/index_work.css}">
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${employee.id}">
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Add Employee</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
last_name:
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="lastName" th:value="${employee.lastName}">
</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td>
email:
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="email" th:value="${employee.email}">
</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td>
gender:
</td>
<td>
<!--
th:field="${employee.gender}"可用于单选框或复选框的回显
若单选框的value和employee.gender的值一致,则添加checked="checked"属性
-->
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:field="${employee.gender}">male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:field="${employee.gender}">female
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="update">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
9、具体功能:执行更新
@PutMapping("/employee")
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeService.updateEmployee(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
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