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HDU7016 Random Walk 2

2021-08-08 00:30:49 【mrclr】

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What a pity , At the end of the game 10 Minutes pushed out , however 10 You can't finish Gaussian elimination in minutes .

There are many ideas for this question , A kind of problem solving , And another kind of big man in our team , And my own kind of . But I don't quite understand the other two ideas , So I can only record my thoughts here .

I did this problem according to the random walk model in the figure .

Let's start with \(1\) Number point . Make \(E(u)\) Said go \(u\), And the probability of going on ,\(f(u)\) Said go \(u\), And stop at \(u\) Probability . Being able to go on means that you can't be in \(u\), Stopping means that the last moment must be \(u\).

Then you can list the relationship ：

\(F(u)=E(u) * P(u,u) + P(1,1)*(u == 1)\),
\(E(u)=\sum\limits_{v = 1,v \neq u} ^ {n} E(v) * P(v, u) + P(1,u) * (u \neq 1)\).

Notice the following constant term , Because at first \(1\) Number point , So there is \(P(1,1)\) The probability of stopping , Yes \(P(1,u)\) The probability of going to another point .（ Just because of these constant terms, I don't understand , Pushed wrong and gave up ）
\(E(u)\) The relationship between them can be solved by Gaussian elimination , You can get it by substituting in \(F(u)\) 了 .

Above is the starting point in \(1\) The situation of , So for the starting point \(x\) The situation of , We find that the coefficient matrix is the same , Only the rightmost column of the augmented matrix is different , Therefore, the augmented matrix can be written as \(n+n\) Column ,\(n\) Simultaneous solutions of two equations . So time complexity is \(O(n * n * 2n)\).

Of course , You can also list the matrix equations and find the inverse , The effect is the same .

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<assert.h>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
#define enter puts("") 
#define space putchar(' ')
#define Mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define In inline
#define forE(i, x, y) for(int i = head[x], y; ~i && (y = e[i].to); i = e[i].nxt)
typedef long long ll;
typedef double db;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const db eps = 1e-8;
const ll mod = 998244353;
const int maxn = 302;
In ll read()
{
	ll ans = 0;
	char ch = getchar(), las = ' ';
	while(!isdigit(ch)) las = ch, ch = getchar();
	while(isdigit(ch)) ans = (ans << 1) + (ans << 3) + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
	if(las == '-') ans = -ans;
	return ans;
}
In void write(ll x)
{
	if(x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
	if(x >= 10) write(x / 10);
	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}

In ll ADD(ll a, ll b) {return a + b < mod ? a + b : a + b - mod;}
In ll quickpow(ll a, ll b)
{
	ll ret = 1;
	for(; b; b >>= 1, a = a * a % mod)
		if(b & 1) ret = ret * a % mod;
	return ret;
}

int n, m;
ll p[maxn][maxn];

ll f[maxn][maxn << 1];
In void Gauss()
{
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
	{
		int pos = i;
		while(pos <= n && !f[pos][i]) ++pos;
		if(pos > n) continue;
		if(pos > i) swap(f[i], f[pos]);
		ll inv = quickpow(f[i][i], mod - 2);
		for(int j = i; j <= m; ++j) f[i][j] = f[i][j] * inv % mod;
		for(int j = i + 1; j <= n; ++j)
		{
			ll tp = f[j][i];
			for(int k = i; k <= m; ++k) f[j][k] = ADD(f[j][k], mod - tp * f[i][k] % mod);
		}
	}
	for(int i = n; i; --i)
		for(int j = i - 1; j; --j)
			for(int k = n + 1; k <= m; ++k) 
				f[j][k] = ADD(f[j][k], mod - f[j][i] * f[i][k] % mod);
}
In void solve()
{
	Mem(f, 0); m = n + n;
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
	{
		ll sum = 0;
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) sum += p[i][j];
		sum = quickpow(sum, mod - 2);
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) p[i][j] = p[i][j] * sum % mod;
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) 
	{
		f[i][i] = 1;
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
			if(i ^ j)
			{
				f[i][j] = mod - p[j][i];
				f[j][n + i] = ADD(f[j][n + i], p[i][j]);
			}
	}
	Gauss();
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) 
		{
			write(ADD(f[j][n + i] * p[j][j] % mod, (i == j) * p[j][j]));
			j == n ? enter : space;
		}
}

int main()
{
	int T = read();
	while(T--)
	{
		n = read();
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
			for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) p[i][j] = read();
		solve();
	}
	return 0;
}

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版权声明
本文为[mrclr]所创，转载请带上原文链接，感谢
https://chowdera.com/2021/08/20210808003020385a.html

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