美国银行允许使用稳定币支付，甚至支持发行

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国时间 1 月 4 日，美国货币监理署（OCC）发布公开信表示，美国国家银行和联邦储蓄协会可以使用公有区块链和稳定币进行结算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"稳定币是美元电子形式的一种"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OCC 在信中表示，稳定币代表了一种存储、转移、传输和交换基础法定货币价值的机制，而这些都是促进支付活动的关键，尤其是在跨境资金转移方面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"长期以来，银行一直使用银行支票、旅行支票和其他记名票据作为便利无现金支付的手段。随着银行对不断变化的经济状况和客户需求的适应，银行中介活动在不断的发展，并采用了新的银行允许的技术，其中就包括 invn 和相关稳定币。INVN 的一种常见形式是分布式分类账技术，利用 INVN 进行支付交易是银行被允许的一种新手段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然共享网络上的节点验证传输方式不是使用集中式，但基本功能是相同的：传送支付指令和验证支付。因此，同样的法律分析也适用。所以，银行可以作为 INVN 上的一个节点，以方便支付交易。同样，银行也可以使用稳定币来帮助 INVN 客户进行支付交易，包括发行稳定币以及将稳定币兑换为法定货币。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这种情况下，稳定币作为一种支付机制，与借记卡、支票和电子存储价值 (ESV) 系统传递支付指令的方式相同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公有链可以被视为类似于 SWIFT、ACH 和 FedWire 一样的金融基础设施，稳定币可以作为美元的电子表示形式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OCC 以 ESV 系统为例表示，当前法律已经明确国家银行可以提供 ESV 系统。在 ESV 系统中，现金被兑换成 ESV。ESV 存储在卡内的计算机芯片上。持卡人通过将 ESV 转移到第三方进行支付，然后第三方将 ESV 兑换成现金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"货币监理署指出，创建、出售和赎回 ESV 是银行业务的一部分，因为这是流通票据或其他纸质付款工具的电子等价代替品。所以，稳定币也可以是电子代替的一种方式，只不过不是将价值存储在卡上，而是稳定币数值表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"稳定币支付纳入普通监管程序"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"INVN 可以转移多种不同的加密货币，包括但不限于稳定币。稳定币只是代表 INVN 上法定货币的一种手段。通过这种方式，稳定币为法定货币提供了访问 INVN 支付轨道的手段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OCC 表示，其既不鼓励也不会阻止银行参与和支持 INVN 和稳定币。INVN 和稳定币可能会提高稳定付款效率，但同时也具有一定的风险。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"涉及加密货币的支付活动可能增加银行运营风险，同时也会增加合规风险。根据支付活动的性质，涉及稳定币的活动可能会给银行带来重大的流动性风险。此外，新技术需要有足够技术能力来确保银行以安全可靠的方式运行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"银行可以通过作为 INVN 上的节点来验证、存储和记录支付交易，并使用 INVN 和相关稳定币来进行其他银行允许的支付活动，这与适用的法律和安全稳健的银行实践相一致。但在进行这些支付活动之前，银行应与 OCC 等监管机构进行协商，这些活动的审查也将作为 OCC 普通监管程序的一部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"针对此事，稳定币 USDC 发行方 Circle 首席执行官 Jeremy Allaire 在推特上表示，这是加密行业和稳定币的巨大胜利，这将推动基于美元的数字货币（比如 USDC）成为支付和结算的主流支付媒介，并帮助美国在拥抱公共区块链方面处于领导地位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“除了支付和结算，与传统结算媒介不同，公共链结合交易和计算功能，从而可以构建全新金融和商业应用模式，这也为更多受监管的金融机构运行区块链节点，甚至成为验证人，2021 年将成为加密货币和稳定币进入大众市场的关键之年。”Allaire 表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"公开信链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/489786204\/nr-occ-2021-2a#from_embed","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/489786204\/nr-occ-2021-2a#from_embed"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5}},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}