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The Interpreter pattern of behavior pattern
2020-11-06 21:35:13 【The procedural ape Irvine】
Catalog
- Definition and characteristics
- Structure and Implementation
- The structure of the pattern
- The realization of pattern
- Application scenarios
- Expand :Expression Expression trees and Flee
In software development , There will be some problems that recur many times , And there is a certain similarity and regularity . If you generalize them into a simple language , Then the examples of these questions will be some sentences in the language , In this way, you can use “ Compiler principle ” To implement the Interpreter pattern in .
Although there are not many instances of using the Interpreter pattern , But for meeting the above characteristics , And the running efficiency requirements are not very high , If you use interpreter mode to implement , The effect is very good , This article will introduce its working principle and usage .
Definition and characteristics
Interpreter (Interpreter) Pattern The definition of : Define a language for the analysis object , And define the grammatical representation of the language , Then design a parser to explain the sentences in the language . in other words , Use compiler language to analyze application examples . This pattern implements the interface of grammar expression processing , This interface interprets a specific context .
The concepts of grammar and sentence mentioned here are the same as those described in compiler principles ,“ Grammar ” The grammatical rules of a language , and “ The sentence ” It's the elements of the language set . for example , There are many sentences in Chinese ,“ I'm Chinese ” It's one of the sentences , A grammar tree can be used to describe sentences in a language intuitively .
The interpreter pattern is a kind behavior pattern , Its main advantages are as follows :
- Good scalability : Because classes are used in the interpreter pattern to represent the grammar rules of the language , Therefore, the grammar can be changed or extended through mechanisms such as inheritance .
- Easy to implement : Each expression node class in the syntax tree is similar , So it's easier to realize its grammar .
The main disadvantages of the Interpreter pattern are as follows :
- Low execution efficiency : There are a lot of loops and recursive calls in interpreter mode , When the sentences to be explained are more complicated , It's very slow , And the debugging process of the code is also troublesome .
- It will cause class expansion : Each rule in the Interpreter pattern needs to define at least one class , When there are many grammar rules involved , The number of classes will increase dramatically , It makes the system difficult to manage and maintain .
- Less applicable scenarios : In software development , There are very few examples that need to define language grammar , So this pattern is rarely used .
Structure and Implementation
Interpreter pattern is often used in compiling or analyzing examples of simple languages , In order to master its structure and implementation , We must first understand the principle of compiling “ Grammar 、 The sentence 、 Grammar tree ” Etc .
Grammar : Grammar is used for Formal rules describing the grammatical structure of a language . nothing can be accomplished without norms and standards , There must be rules for everything , The same with language , Whether it's machine language or natural language , Each has its own grammar rules . for example , In Chinese “ The sentence ” The grammar of is as follows :
〈 The sentence 〉::=〈 The subject 〉〈 Predicate 〉〈 The object 〉〈 The subject 〉::=〈 pronouns 〉|〈 Noun 〉〈 Predicate 〉::=〈 Verb 〉〈 The object 〉::=〈 pronouns 〉|〈 Noun 〉〈 pronouns 〉 you | I | He 〈 Noun 〉7 College students' I Xiao Xia I English 〈 Verb 〉::= yes | Study
notes : The symbols here “::=” Express “ Defined as ” It means , use “〈” and “〉” It contains the right and wrong terminator , What is not enclosed is the Terminator .
The sentence : The sentence is The basic unit of language , It's an element of the language set , It's made up of terminators , Can be controlled by “ Grammar ” Deduce . for example , The grammar mentioned above can lead to “ I am a college student ”, So it's a sentence .
Grammar tree : The grammar tree is A tree representation of sentence structure , It represents the derivation of the sentence , It is helpful to understand the level of sentence structure . The picture below shows “ I am a college student ” Syntax tree :
With the above basic knowledge , Now it's easy to introduce the structure of the Interpreter pattern . The structure of the Interpreter pattern is similar to the composition pattern , However, it contains more elements than composition patterns , And the composition pattern is an object structure pattern , The Interpreter pattern is a class behavior pattern .
The structure of the pattern
The Interpreter pattern contains the following main roles :
- Abstract expression (Abstract Expression) role : Define the interpreter's interface , Appointment .........
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