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An article takes you to understand CSS gradient knowledge

2020-11-06 20:42:45 【Python advanced】

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CSS3 Gradients allow you to smoothly transition your background color between two or more colors .

earlier , You have to use images to achieve these effects . However , By using CSS3 Gradients can reduce download time and bandwidth usage . Besides , Scaled elements look better when zooming , Because gradients are generated by browsers .

One 、 Browser support

The number in the table specifies the first browser version that fully supports this property .（ From Baidu ）

After the number -webkit- perhaps -moz- You need to specify the prefix when you use it .

attribute Chrome Firefox Safari Opera IE
linear-gradient 26.0 10.0 -webkit- 10.0 16.0 3.6 -moz- 6.1 5.1 -webkit- 12.1 11.1 -o-
radial-gradient 26.0 10.0 -webkit- 10.0 16.0 3.6 -moz- 6.1 5.1 -webkit- 12.1 11.6 -o-
repeating-linear-gradient 26.0 10.0 -webkit- 10.0 16.0 3.6 -moz- 6.1 5.1 -webkit- 12.1 11.1 -o-
repeating-radial-gradient 26.0 10.0 -webkit- 10.0 16.0 3.6 -moz- 6.1 5.1 -webkit- 12.1 11.6 -o-

Two 、CSS3 Linear gradient ( Down / Up / towards the left / towards the right / tilt )

To create a linear gradient , Must define at least two color stops . Color stop is the color you want to render between smooth transitions . You can also set a starting point and a direction （ Or the angle ） And gradient effects .

grammar ：

background: linear-gradient(direction, color-stop1, color-stop2, ...);

HTML Code ：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title> project </title>

</head>
<body>

  <div id="grad1"></div>
</body>
</html>

for example ：

Linear gradient - Up and down

Show a linear gradient from the top . It starts in red , Transition to yellow :

<style>
    #grad1 {
        height: 200px;
        background: blue; /*  For browsers that don't support gradients  */
        background: -webkit-linear-gradient(blue, yellow); /* Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
        background: -o-linear-gradient(blue, yellow); /* Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
        background: -moz-linear-gradient(blue, yellow); /* Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
        background: linear-gradient(blue, yellow); /*  Standard grammar  ( Must be the last ) */
    }
</style>

Linear gradient - Left to right

for example ：

Show a linear gradient from left . It starts in red , Transition to yellow 

<style>
    #grad1 {
        height: 200px;
        background: blue; /*  For browsers that don't support gradients  */
        background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, blue , yellow); /* Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
        background: -o-linear-gradient(right, blue, yellow); /* Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
        background: -moz-linear-gradient(right, blue, yellow); /* Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
        background: linear-gradient(to right, blue , yellow); /*  Standard grammar  ( Must be the last ) */
    }
</style>

Linear gradient - Diagonals

Diagonal gradients can be achieved by specifying horizontal and vertical starting positions .

The following example shows a linear gradient starting from the upper left corner （ To the lower right corner ）. It starts to be red , Transition to yellow :

<style>
    #grad1 {
        height: 200px;
        background: blue; /* For browsers that don't support gradients  */
        background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, blue, yellow); /* Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
        background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom right, blue, yellow); /* Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
        background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom right, blue, yellow); /* Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
        background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue, yellow); /*  Standard grammar ( Must be the last ) */
    }
</style>

1. Use angle

If you want more control over the gradient direction , You can define an angle , Not the intended direction （ Next 、 On 、 Left 、 Wait right ）.

grammar 

background: linear-gradient(angle, color-stop1, color-stop2);

The following example shows how to use an angle on a linear gradient ：

for example ：

#grad {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100px;
  background: blue; /*  For browsers that don't support gradients  */
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(-90deg, blue, yellow); /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(-90deg, blue, yellow); /*  Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(-90deg, blue, yellow); /*  Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
  background: linear-gradient(-90deg, blue, yellow); /*   Standard grammar  */
}

2. Use multiple stop colors

The following example shows a linear gradient with multiple stop colors （ From top to bottom ）

for example ：

#grad {
  background: blue; /*  For browsers that don't support gradients  */
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
  background: linear-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Standard grammar  */
}

The following example shows how to use rainbow colors and some text to create a linear gradient （ From left to right ）

Gradient background

for example ：

#grad {
  background: blue; /* For browsers that don't support gradients  */
  /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
  /*  Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
  background: -o-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
  /*  Fx 3.6  To  15 */
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: linear-gradient( To  right, red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
}

3. Transparency of use

CSS3 Gradients also support transparency , Can be used to create a fade in effect .

Add transparency , We use it rgba() Function to define the stop color . stay rgba() The last parameter of the function can be taken from 0 To 1 Value , And define the transparency of the color ：0 Indicates full transparency ,1 The color is the complete representation of （ The opacity ）.

The following example shows a linear gradient starting from the left . It's starting to be completely transparent , Transition to full red ：

#grad {
  background: blue; /*   Browsers that don't support gradients  */
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Safari 5.1-6*/
  background: -o-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Opera 11.1-12*/
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Fx 3.6-15*/
  background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,0,0,0), rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Standard*/
}

4. Repeat linear gradient

repeating-linear-gradient() Function to repeat a linear gradient ：

for example ：

#grad {
  background: blue; /*   Browsers that don't support gradients  */
  /* Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Opera 11.1  To  12.0 */
  background: -o-repeating-linear-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
  background: -moz-repeating-linear-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 20%);
}

3、 ... and 、CSS3 Radial Gradient ( Defined by the center )

The radial gradient is defined by its center .

To create a radial gradient , You must also define at least two stop colors .

grammar 

background: radial-gradient(shape size at position, start-color, ..., last-color);

Radial Gradient - Evenly spaced stop color ( Default )

The following example shows a radial gradient , Its color is evenly spaced :

#grad {
  background: blue; /*  browsers that do not support gradients */
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /* Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Opera 11.6  To  12.0 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /*  Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
  background: radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green); /* Standard syntax */
}

Radial Gradient - Stop colors at different intervals

The following example shows a radial gradient with different spacing of color gradients :

#grad {
  background: blue; /* Browsers that don't support gradients  */
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(blue 5%, yellow 15%, green 60%); /* Safari 5.1-6.0 */
  background: -o-radial-gradient(blue 5%, yellow 15%, green 60%); /*  Opera 11.6-12.0 */
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(blue 5%, yellow 15%, green 60%); /*  Firefox 3.6-15 */
  background: radial-gradient(blue 5%, yellow 15%, green 60%); /* Standard syntax */
}

1. Set shape

The shape parameter defines the shape . It can take a circle or an ellipse . The default value is ellipse .

The following example shows a circular radial gradient :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title> project </title>
    <style>
      #grad1 {
        height: 150px;
        width: 200px;
        background: -webkit-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
        background: -o-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Opera 11.6  To  12.0 */
        background: -moz-radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Fx 3.6  To  15 */
        background: radial-gradient(blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Standard grammar （ Must be the last ） */
      }

      #grad2 {
        height: 150px;
        width: 200px;
        background: -webkit-radial-gradient(circle, blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
        background: -o-radial-gradient(circle, blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Opera 11.6  To  12.0 */
        background: -moz-radial-gradient(circle, blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Fx 3.6  To  15 */
        background: radial-gradient(circle, blue, yellow, green);
        /*  Standard grammar （ Must be the last ） */
      }
</style>
  </head>
  <body>

    <h3> Radial Gradient - shape </h3>

    <p><strong> The ellipse （ This is the default ）:</strong></p>
    <div id="grad1"></div>

    <p><strong> round :</strong></p>
    <div id="grad2"></div>

    <p><strong> Be careful :</strong> Internet Explorer 9  And earlier versions don't support gradients .</p>

  </body>
</html>

2. Repeat radial gradient

repeating-radial-gradient() Function is used to repeat radial gradients :

for example ：

#grad {
  background: blue; /* Browsers that don't support gradients */
  /*  Safari 5.1  To  6.0 */
  background: -webkit-repeating-radial-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /*  Opera 11.6  To  12.0 */
  background: -o-repeating-radial-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /*  Firefox 3.6  To  15 */
  background: -moz-repeating-radial-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 15%);
  /* Standard syntax */
  background: repeating-radial-gradient(blue, yellow 10%, green 15%);
}

Four 、 summary

This article is based on html Basics , Through to css The gradient effect is explained in detail , Two common gradients are introduced . Through rich cases, we can better understand , To experience the use of gradients , Hope to help you learn better .

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